名词性从句（四）同位语从句
一、概念
同位语从句指的是在复合句中充当同位语的从句，用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明。
二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news，idea，fact，promise，question，doubt，thought，hope，message，suggestion，words（消息），possibility,decision等（一般的“抽象”名词都可用）。
I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you thisafternoon．
我从王先生那里来，他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了。
三、引导词
引导同位语从句的词语通常有连词that，whether（无 if )，连接代词( who whom what which)和连接副词( when where why how)等。
He must answer the question whether he agrees with it or not.
他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题。
I have no idea what size shoes she wears.
我不知道她穿几号的鞋。（what作定语）
The question who will take his place is still not clear. （who作主语）
We haven’t yet settled the question where we are going to spend our summer vacation.
到哪儿去度暑假，这个问题我们还没有决定。
四、学习同位语从句要注意的问题：
1. 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在被解释、说明的名词后面，而被别的词隔开。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city．
他突然想起敌人可能已经逃出城了。
2. 引导同位语从句的连词that在从句中不做成分，无意义，通常不省略。
He grabbed his suitcase and gave theimpressionhe was boarding the Tokyo plane.
他拿起了手提箱，给人的印象是他要登上飞往东京的飞机了。
3. whether 可引导同位语从句，但if不能引导同位语从句。
The question whether we should call in aspecialistwas answered by the family doctor.
我们是否请专家由家庭医生来定。
4. 语气
在suggestion，advice，request，order等意为“建议；命令；要求”的名词后，同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构，句中的should可以省略。
Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer.
老师给我们提出了一些如何使用电脑的建议。
五、定语从句和同位语从句的区别
1. 意义的不同
同位语从句是用于说明所修饰名词的具体内容的，它与被修饰词语通常可以划等号；而定语从句是限制所修饰名词的，它的作用是将所修饰的名词与其他类似的东西区别开来：
We are glad at the news that he will come.
听到他要来这个消息我们很高兴。（news的内容就是that he will come，故that引导的是同位语从句）
We are glad at the news that he told us.
听到他告诉我们的这个消息我们很高兴。（that从句是限制the news的内容的，即我们高兴只是因为他告诉的这个news而不是其他的news，故that从句为定语从句）
2.引导词的不同
1）. 引导定语从句的that叫做关系代词，它除了起连接作用，还在定语从句中充当一定成分，并且在意义上代表先行词；引导同位语从句的that叫做从属连词，它只起连接作用。不能省略。
例如：
①The news that you told me yesterday was really exciting．
②We heard the news that our team had won．
在①句中，加粗部分是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语，在意义上指代先行词news。
在②句中，加粗部分是同位语从句，that没有任何意义，只起连接作用。
2). 引导定语从句的which叫做关系代词，它除了起连接作用，还在定语从句中充当一定成分，并且在意义上代表先行词，先行词只能是物，可以换成that，在定语从句中做宾语时常可省略；引导同位语从句的which通常要修饰一个名词，做这个名词的定语，不能省略。
That is the special day(which/that) I will never forget. （定语从句，which/that为关系代词，作forget的宾语）
The question which specialist we should call in was answered by the family doctor.（同位语从句）
我们应该请哪位专家由家庭医生来定。
3）.whether, what, how可以用来引导同位语从句；而它们不能用来引导定语从句。
巩固练习：
1.The fact ____ she works hard is well known to us all.
A. that B. what C. why D. which
2.The fact ____ he was successful proves his ability.
A. that B. what C. which D. why
3.The news ____ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly.
A. what B. that C. why D. when
4.His suggestion ____ the meeting be delayed was turned down.
A. which B. that C./ D. it
5.I have no idea ____ he will start.
A. when B. that C. what D./
6.I've come from the government with a message ____ the meeting won't be held tomorrow.
A. if B. that C. whether D. which
7.The thought ____ he might fail in the exam worried him.
A. when B. which C. what D. that
8.The order ____ the prisoner be set free arrived too late.
A. which B. whether C. that D. what
9.The nurses are trying their best to reduce the patient's fear ____ he would die of the disease.
A. that B. as C. of which D. which
10.He often asked me the question ____ the work was worth doing.
A. whether B. where C. that D. when
定语从句和同位语从句、强调句、状语从句的区别练习题
Fill in the blanks with a proper word:
1. Mary is no longer the girl __ she used to be.
2. Mary is no longer ____ she used to be.
3. Kunming is no longer the city ___ it was ten years ago.
4. Kunming is no longer ___ it was ten years ago.
5. All ___ is needed is a supply of oil.
6. ___ is needed is a supply of oil.
7. Everything ___ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.
8. ___ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present.
9. Last night I dreamed a dream ___ I passed the entrance examination.
10. The dream ___ I dreamed last night was very funny.
11. Was it during the Second World ___ he died?
12. It was the hour ___ the place was full of job-hunters.
13. It was at the theater ___ Lincoln was murdered.
14. It was the theater ___ Lincoln was murdered.
15. She heard a terrible noise, ___ brought her heart into her mouth.
16. She heard a terrible noise. ___ brought her heart into her mouth.
17. Is this the museum ___ I visited last week?
18. Is this museum ___ I visited last week?
19. I’m one of the boys who ___ never late for school.
20. I’m the one of the boys who ___ never late for school.
21. Last night I took a taxi, and ___ took me home.
22. Last night I took a taxi, ___ took me home.
23. Tom’s mother kept telling him that he should work harder, but ___ didn’t help.
24. It was raining hard, ___ kept us from playing football.
25. I often thought of my childhood, ___ I lived on a farm.
26. I often thought of my childhood, ___ I spent on a farm.
27. This is the place ___ Chairman Mao was born.
28. This is the place ___ we are going to visit.
29. Tom’s father works at the factory ___ makes shoes.
30. August is the month ___ comes after July, before September.
31. Make a mark ___ you have any questions.
32. Make a mark at the place ___ you have any questions.
33. We shall go ___ working conditions are difficult.
34. We shall go to the place ___ working conditions are difficult.
Keys: 1-5 AABBA 6-10 BDCAA
答案
that, what , that , what , that , What , that , What , that, that , that , when, that, where, which , it , that , the one, are , is , it, which, it, which, when, which, where, that, that, that. Where, where , where , where.
